Characterization of Endolithic Extremophilic Bacterial Diversity from Sandstone of Keroo, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Extremophilic bacteria thrive in extreme environment like hot springs, deep-sea vents and acidic lakes. Their unique adaptation makes them valuable in biotechnology for enzyme production, bioremediation and pharmaceuticals. Studying these organisms provides insight into life's limits and potential applications in industries requiring robust enzymes or ecofriendly solutions. In the present investigation extremophilic bacteria from mine stones were collected from various microbiologically unexplored locations within the Keroo, Jodhpur (26 O 33'81.26" N; 72 O 90'54.87" E).Total 41 Isolated extremophilic bacteria were examined based on their morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Under adverse conditions, these strains were produced enzymes -cellulase, protease, amylase and laccase. Using sequence analysis and 16S rRNA gene amplification, the four selected specific strains-E1B-LT, E2A-LT, E1D-HT, and E2A-HT were further explicated at the molecular level. The identified strain E2A-HT and E1D-HT demonstrated their identity with the type strains Bacillus sp. strain NG4-2 and Geobacillus sp. Strain G4-1 respectively. The strains E1B-LT and E2A-LT had identical with the type strain Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3, respectively. These closest strains were isolated from habitats in cold and marine environments, which support their evolutionary significance of habitat. While E1D-HT and E2A-HT can withstand temperatures as high as 60C, strains E1B-LT and E2A-LT can only withstand temperatures as low as 10C. Because the isolates have the ability to degrade dyes, bioremediation can be approached from a variety of perspectives.