Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and COVID-19 Vaccination in 4 Phase 3 Trials
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines reduce severe disease and mortality and may lessen transmission, measured by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load (VL). Evaluating vaccine associations in VL at COVID-19 diagnosis in 4 phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled vaccine trials, July 2020 to July 2021, VL reductions were 2.78 log10 copies/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-4.18; n = 60 placebo, 11 vaccine) and 2.12 log10 copies/mL (95% CI, 1.44-2.80; n = 594 placebo, 36 vaccine) for NVX-CoV2373 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Associations were not significant for AZD1222 (0.59 log10 copies/mL; 95% CI, -.19 to 1.36; n = 90 placebo, 78 vaccine) or Ad26.COV2.S (0.23 log10 copies/mL; 95% CI, -.01 to .47; n = 916 placebo, 424 vaccine). Thus, vaccines potentially decreased transmission when ancestral SARS-CoV-2 predominated. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04470427, NCT04505722, NCT04516746, NCT04611802.
Authors
- E. Adrianne Hammershaimb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-275X)
- James P. Ludwig
- Yunda Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-6172)
- Glenda Gray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-1477)
- Stephen R. Walsh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-9370)
- Beatriz Gilda Jegerhorn Grinsztejn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-5155)
- Karen L. Kotloff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-6431)
- Paul A. Goepfert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-5737)
- James G. Kublin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-3741)
- Craig A. Magaret (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-2664)
- Leigh H. Fisher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-1455)
- Nadine Rouphael (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-7919)
- Lalitha Parameswaran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2750-5357)
- Hana M. El Sahly
- Frances Priddy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-3982)
- Cynthia L. Gay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-3059)
- Holly Janes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3237-984X)
- Kathleen M. Neuzil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-2714)
- Frank Struyf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-0260)
- Lawrence Corey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2436)
- Alexander L. Greninger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0527)
- Milagritos D. Tapia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-3934)
- Lisa M. Dunkle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-0245)
- Justin A Green
- Peter B. Gilbert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-9427)
- Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-3118)
- Ann Regina Falsey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-9701)
- Jia Jin Kee
- Lindsey Robert Baden (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1752-1926)
Institutions
- AstraZeneca (United Kingdom) (GB)
- South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Janssen (Belgium) (BE)
- Emory University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- University of Washington Medical Center (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- AstraZeneca (South Korea) (KR)
- Emory Clinic (US)
- Novavax (United States) (US)
- Moderna Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- HOPE Clinic (US)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (BR)
- University of Rochester (US)
- New York University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2024-09-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae400
- Citations
- 8
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.11
Funders
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases