Role of Virtual Monoenergetic Images in the Assessment of Vessel Enhancement in Segmental Level in Third-Generation Dual-Source Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography—A Prospective Study

<b>Introduction</b> Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death worldwide and imaging plays a pivotal role in establishing the diagnosis. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scores over other modalities and is the current diagnostic investigation of choice. In this study, we assessed the main pulmonary artery and its corresponding segmental artery attenuation in reconstructed virtual monoenergetic (mono plus) images (VMI-MP) and linear blended images (spectral post processing, SPP) obtained from dual-energy CTPA. The values were compared using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). <b>Materials and Methods</b> Forty patients (mean age group, 53.6 years; 26 females and 14 males) with segmental pulmonary thromboembolism were included in this prospective study. The patients underwent CTPA study using bolus tracking in the dual-source CT-SOMATOM Force, Siemens. Postcontrast datasets (90 kV, 150 kV, and SPP) were used to reconstruct the monoenergetic images using syngo.via software virtually. Comparison was done between bivariate samples using the paired sample <i>t</i> -test. <b>Results</b> The mean Hounsfield unit (HU) artery in the left lung for VMI-MP and SPP images were 886.9 ± 242 and 356.8 ± 121.3 HU, respectively. Similarly, for the right lung, it was 868.3 ± 243.5 and 336.1 ± 105.5 HU, respectively. The mean attenuation of the arteries in MP images was higher and statistically significant ( <i>p</i> -value <0.005). Likewise, the CNR) and SNR were found to have a statistically significant <i>p</i> -value (<0.005). An acceptable increase in image noise was seen in VMI as compared with SPP images. <b>Conclusion</b> Low-keV VMIs perform more effectively than the conventional polyenergetic spectrum to evaluate vessel attenuation, which in turn increases thrombus detectability. The increased CNR in VMI enables improved lesion conspicuity.