Adsorption, photocatalysis, and sonocatalytic activities of LaFeO ₃ /methylcellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-NiCu ₂ O ₄ /Zn for removal of organic pollutant: preparation, main factor, and mechanism

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to create and analyze a new type of LaFeO 3 /methylcellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-NiCu 2 O 4 /Zn nanocomposite, called LFO/MC/MWCNT-NCO/Z, which has multiple functions. Structural investigation using field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles (40–50 nm) were evenly distributed throughout the nanocomposite, suggesting that they were successfully incorporated without any clumping. FTIR research verified the existence of functional groups that facilitate electrostatic interactions with contaminants, hence strengthening catalytic performance and improving adsorption efficiency. The BET analysis revealed a significantly high specific surface area of 72.61 m 2 /g, which greatly enhances its ability to adsorb substances. The nanocomposite demonstrated high removal efficiency in adsorption (74.55%), photocatalysis (68.19%), and sonocatalysis (91.22%) procedures, highlighting its potential for effectively removing bisphenol A as organic pollutants. The synthesized LFO/MC/MWCNT-NCO/Z nanocomposite shows great potential in effectively eliminating organic contaminants from water solutions. This offers a sustainable way to address water pollution and protect human health and the environment.