Phytochemical Marker-based Analysis, Antioxidant Potential, and Shelf-Life Study of Geographically Different Samples of Tinospora cordifolia (Stem)

Background: Tinospora cordifolia (TC), commonly referred to as Guduchi, holds a prominent position in the Indian traditional system of medicine and has been cited in Ayurvedic literature for its efficacy in the treatment of a range of ailments, including jaundice, urinary issues, diabetes, prolonged diarrhea, skin conditions, stomachaches, and dysentery. Methods: The present study analyzed the content of phytochemical markers present in the stems of TC collected from five distinct geographical locations (TC-01 to TC-05) and assessed the corresponding variations in their in-vitro antioxidant potential. Results: Lupeol content in various samples of TC varied from 217.9 to 510.9 μg/mg, while palmatine ranged from 0.002% to 0.025%. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 0.77 to 6.35 mg GAE/g wt., and total flavonoid content (TFC) from 12.15 to 20.03 mg QCE/g wt., with IC50 values between 21.02 and 81.81 mg/mL. Elemental analysis of TC-01 to TC-05 showed significant essential elements and permissible levels of heavy metals. A shelf-life study of TC samples indicated stability beyond three years. Conclusion: The considerable diversity in phytochemical content and antioxidant values underscores the substantial influence of geographical variation on the therapeutic potential of TC.