HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BREAST CARCINOMAS AFTER RADIOTHERAPY IN LOCAL POPULATION

Background: Breast carcinoma as a type of cancer predominantly affects the local population in which radiotherapy is an essential component of the treatment process. The need to understand the histopathological changes that take place post-radiotherapy cannot be overstressed so that patients’ outcome could be enhanced and management planned effectively. Aim: The objective of this current study was to analyse the histopathological effects of radiotherapy on breast carcinomas available among the local population as well as the characteristics of the tumor before and after the radiotherapy was administered. Method: The study in question is strictly related to retrospective cohort analysis with the focus on 150 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma who were given radiotherapy treatment. Bioptic samples were taken prior to and following RT and histopathological parameters including tumor area, cellular differentiation, amount of necrosis, and fibrosis were analysed by H&E staining and microscopy. Certain tests were run in SPSS to compare the changes recorded before and after radiotherapy and these are presented in means with their respective standard deviations. Results:  After radiotherapy there was a significant reduction in the size of the tumors and the mean size of tumor diminished to 3. From 2 cm (mean = 10. 1) to 1. Eight cm (SD = 0. 9) (p Fishing 0. 001). Cellular atypia was seen to become enhanced in 55 % of such cases, the mean nuclear diameter rising from 5. 3 (SD = 0. 7) to 6. 7 μm (SD = 0. 9) (p = 0. 02) for diet-induced obesity group. Necrosis was found in 40% of the cases after radiotherapy and fibrosis was highly raised; mean fibrosis score raised from 1 with marked variation among patients. Mean = 2. 0, SD = ± 0. 5 to 2. 6 (SD = 0. 7) (t = -6. 46, p < 0. 001). Conclusion: This study also found multiple pathological variations in breast carcinomas following radiotherapy such as a decrease in tumor size increases in the degree of anaplasia and the extent of coagulative necrosis and fibrosis. It is in this context that the present study emphasizes the effectiveness of radiotherapy in tumor treatment and the necessity of developing adequate therapeutic strategies commonly adapted to the identified population.