A Thematic Analysis Investigating on Subjective Well-Being of Persons with Visually Impaired in Malaysia

Studies on Subjective Well-Being (SWB) consistently reveal variations in average levels of SWB across nations, with culture being a significant determinant. Prior research has established that individuals with Disabilities (PWD) tend to experience lower SWB. However, there is a notable gap in research when it comes to exploring the definition of SWB among individuals with visual impairment (PVI) in Malaysia. This is particularly interesting as Malaysia is a country characterized by collectivist values, a high power distance culture, and cogent religious influences. To address this gap, researcher conducted a series of Focus Group Discussions across seven regions in Malaysia: Northern Region, Central Region (KL), Central Region(Selangor), Southern Region, East Coast Region, Sabah, and Sarawak. These discussions involved 20 professionals and representatives from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) who work closely with PVI. The data obtained was analysed using thematic analysis, which allowed us to extract and analyse key themes emerging from the discussions. The findings from our study indicated that PVI in Malaysia defines subjective well-being from a multifaceted perspective. While there were similarities with previous research findings, with SWB often being associated with certain characteristics, there were also notable differences. Specifically, religion emerged as a unique and significant factor in defining SWB among PVI in Malaysia, a dimension that had not been prominently highlighted in prior studies. These insights have significant implications for practice and policy. By understanding how PVI in Malaysia perceive and defines SWB, we can develop more targeted and culturally relevant social-based initiatives and intervention programs. These initiatives aim to improve the quality of life for PVI in Malaysia and align with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 3, which pertains to promoting good health and well-being for all. This research contributes to the broader goal of enhancing the subjective well-being of PVI in Malaysia and promoting social inclusion and equity.