Dynamics of postural control indicators during postneonatal medical habilitation in infants with impaired motor development, born at different gestational ages

Abstract. Diseases of the nervous system, among which perinatal lesions of the central nervous system and their consequences, occupy a leading place in the structure of morbidity and disability in infants of the first year of life. An urgent clinical task is to search for new objective criteria for the effectiveness of ongoing treatment and rehabilitation measures in patients who suffered perinatal lesions of the nervous system. Purpose. To assess the dynamics of postural control indicators during the postneonatal medical habilitation in infants with impaired motor development, born at different gestational ages. Material and methods. We examined 64 infants of the first year of life with impaired motor development, born at different stages of gestation (main group) and 16 healthy full-term infants (control group). Patients of the main group were divided into 4 subgroups: 1 st (n = 16) were extremely premature, 2 nd (n = 16) — moderately premature, 3 rd (n = 16) — late preterm and 4 th (n = 16) — full-term infants. The examination was conducted at 3–4 months of calendar (for full-term) and corrected (for premature babies) age and included a clinical assessment of postural control and computer stabilography, which were conducted before and after completion of the course of medical habilitation. Results. The severity of the dynamics of postural control indicators in infants of different gestational ages with impaired motor development was different and was maximum in very premature patients. Conclusion. The identified features of the dynamics of clinical and functional indicators in infants of the studied subgroups indicate the prospect of further development of objective criteria for assessing the effectiveness of treatment and habilitation measures. Their use will help ensure a personalized approach to the management of patients with motor development disorders and increase the effectiveness of medical habilitation.