Quasi particle model vs lattice QCD thermodynamics: extension to $$N_f=2+1+1$$ flavors and momentum dependent quark masses
Abstract In the last decade a quasi-particle model (QPM) has supplied the basis for the study of heavy quark (HQ) production in ultra-relativistic collisions, allowing for a phenomenological estimate of the HQ diffusion coefficient $$D_s(T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Using the new lattice QCD results for the equation of state (EoS) with 2+1+1 dynamical flavors, we extend the QPM from $$N_f=2+1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to $$N_f=2+1+1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where the charm quark is included. Fixing the coupling g ( T ) by a fit to the lQCD energy density $$\epsilon (T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we evaluate the impact of different temperature parametrizations of charm quark mass on EoS and susceptibilities $$\chi _q(T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of light, $$\chi _s(T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of strange and $$\chi _c(T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of charm quarks, the last favouring a charm quark mass increasing toward $$T_c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . We also explore the extension of the QPM to a more realistic approach called QPM $$_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> , where quark and gluon masses explicitly depend on their momentum converging to the current quark mass at high momenta, as expected from asymptotic free dynamics. The QPM $$_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> allows for a simultaneous quantitative description not only of the EoS but also of the quark susceptibilities ( $$\chi _q(T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\chi _s(T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), which instead are underestimated in the simple QPM. Furthermore, evaluating the spatial diffusion coefficient $$2\pi T D_s(T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the QPM $$_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> , we find it is also closer than QPM to the recent lQCD data performed including dynamical fermions. Finally, in a 1+1D expanding system, we evaluate the $$R_{AA}(p_T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>AA</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the QPM and QPM $$_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts>
Authors
- Salvatore Plumari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-8196)
- Maria Lucia Sambataro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9018-661X)
- Vincenzo Greco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-0810)
- G. Parisi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9853-4869)
Institutions
- University of Catania (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal C
- Published
- 2024-09-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13276-6
- Citations
- 12
- Primary Topic
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 7.92
Funders
- Strong
- European Commission