Additional information on the breeding biology of Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera

I report new data on the breeding biology of Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera based on two nests found in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in 2021 and 2023. Nests were shallow cups attached by the base, and their composition included large dry bromeliad leaves, long filaments of a Microgramma vine, small sticks, pine needles, dry bamboo leaves and fungal rhizomorphs. Clutch size was three in both nests. Eggs were oval (mean 25.6 × 17.9 mm; 4.7 g), with a white/cream background and small brown spots distributed throughout but concentrated at the larger end. Incubation period has not previously been reported; it is 14–15 days, similar to congeners. Newly hatched nestlings had closed eyes, pinkish skin and a brown down covering their head, back and wings; they were fed by both adults.