Addressing Imbalanced EEG Data for Improved Microsleep Detection: An ADASYN, FFT and LDA-Based Approach

Microsleep, brief lapses in consciousness lasting less than 15 seconds, are often accompanied by feelings of fatigue and are detectable through a deceleration in electroencephalogram (EEG) signal frequencies. Accurate identification of microsleep is critical for assessing driver alertness and preventing accidents. This paper introduces a novel approach to detecting driver microsleep by leveraging EEG signals and advanced machine learning techniques. The methodology begins with preprocessing raw EEG data to improve quality and balance, utilizing the ADASYN algorithm to address dataset imbalances. After preprocessing, features are extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which provides a comprehensive frequency domain analysis of the EEG signals. For classification, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is employed to effectively distinguish between microsleep events and normal wakefulness based on the extracted features. The proposed framework was rigorously validated using a well-established publicly available EEG dataset, which included recordings from 76 healthy individuals. The validation results revealed a high testing accuracy of 92.71% in detecting microsleep episodes, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach. These results underscore the potential of combining EEG signal analysis with machine learning models for practical applications in monitoring driver alertness. The framework could significantly enhance driver safety by providing an effective tool for detecting microsleep and thereby reducing the risk of accidents caused by drowsy driving. This research highlights the promising application of advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques in the field of driver alertness monitoring.