HOMOCYSTEINE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) still remain the main cause of mortality in patients with chronic renal failure in the final stage (chronic terminal renal insufficiency- ESRD), which appears as a consequence of premature atherosclerotic processes (atherosclerosis praecox). In addition to known factors such as: diabetes, arterial hypertension, sedentarity, uremic dyslipidemia, obesity, oxidative stress, MIA syndrome, increased proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, Interleukin 18, Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) alpha necrosis factor (alpha tumor necrosis factor (IL-1α) [1] in recent years as an independent non-traditional risk factor for the occurrence of CVD in patients with chronic renal failure and those with ESRD (uraemic) treated with chronic hemodialysis (HD) is also homocysteine (Hcy ) with its high concentrations - hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In recent years, a large number of studies suggest that high levels of Hcy are an important biomarker for the risk of CVD, the increased level of Hcy significantly increases the impact on CVD and mortality in this population (2,3). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the level of Hcy in patients with ESRD from the initial stages in order to prevent the occurrence of premature atherosclerotic processes that lead to the risk of CVD.