Comparative Analysis of Different Variables on Complications of Local Anesthesia in Dentistry

Background: With continuous progress in medicine and treatments, anesthetists will more often have to treat risk patients in dental surgeries. Therefore there is a need to compare the rate of incidence of complications with risk factors so we can minimize the drug-related complications in patients undergoing dental anesthesia. The study aimed was to evaluate the incidence rate of local anesthetic complications in dentistry and also to analyze the effect of different risk factors on the incidence of local anesthetic complications. Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study conducted at the Maxillofacial Department in Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital. Once the patient signed a consent form, Performa was used to collect patient data. The patients were given lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine by either infiltration or inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection or by both techniques to induce anesthesia, then underwent different dental procedures. We focused on six complications and six different risk factors regarding the total population in our study Performa. Results: Our study included 207 dental patients in total, of which 45% were men and 55% were women. The overall complications observed during the study were 11.5% of patients receiving dental local anesthesia in which non-risk factor patients were 6.7% and risk factor patients were 4.8%. Conclusion: The current study reports a high incidence of dental local anesthetic complications, including bleeding, tachycardia, and salivation. In addition, this study also reports the high incidence of bleeding and tachycardia in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Hence study recommends that dentists should take medical history before each procedure to reduce risk of complications associated with dental anesthesia.