Adsorption Properties and Mechanisms of Methylene Blue by Modified Sphagnum Moss Bio-Based Adsorbents

The abundant pore structure and carbon composition of sphagnum peat moss render it a bio-based adsorbent for efficient methylene blue removal from wastewater. By utilizing sphagnum moss sourced from Guizhou, China, as raw material, a cost-effective and highly efficient bio-based adsorbent material was prepared through chemical modification. The structure and performance of the modified sphagnum moss were characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and TGA techniques. Batch adsorption experiments explored the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature on adsorption performance. Kinetics, isotherm models, and thermodynamics elucidated the adsorption behavior and mechanism. The modified sphagnum moss exhibited increased surface roughness and uniform surface modification, enhancing active site availability for improved adsorption. Experimental data aligned well with the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating efficient adsorption. The study elucidated the adsorption mechanism, laying a foundation for effective methylene blue removal. The utilization of modified sphagnum moss demonstrates significant potential in effectively removing MB from contaminated solutions due to its robust adsorption capability and efficient reusability.