Urinary incontinence due to estrogen deficiency in dogs

Nowadays, various methods are used to control reproduction in domestic animals. The most commonly used method is ovariohysterectomy, in which the ovaries and uterus are removed together. In this review, an overview will be made of urinary incontinence due to estrogen deficiency, which is one of the complications that may occur after this operation, which is performed in almost every clinic, and which can negatively affect the life of the patient and the patient's relative. The exact mechanism involved with this condition is not yet fully understood but estrogen deficiency with a subsequent loss of urethral tonus is believed to trigger clinical signs. Also, information about the risk of urinary incontinence in animals that have undergone early ovariohysterectomy will be given.