Combined analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomics in high-fat model mice fed with Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides

• T1 alleviated HFD-induced obesity metabolic syndrome and associated inflammation. • T1 exerted a prebiotic effect by regulating specific gut microbiota and metabolite. • T1 supplementation induced a substantial enrichment of Alistipes , Bacteroides , and Parabacteroides . • T1 supplementation increased Parabacteroides abundance by more than 2-fold. • T1 caused changes in 207 intestinal metabolites in high-fat-diet mice. Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides (SISISVAGGGR, T1) can effectively alleviate obesity and related metabolic disorders in high-fat mice. However, their lipid-lowering mechanism is still unclear. This research endeavor sought to delve into the potential mediators of T1 anti-obesity in high-fat mice through macrogenomics analyses combined with untargeted metabolomics analyses. The results showed that T1 alleviated HFD-induced increases in body weight, epididymal fat weight, TG, LDL, AST, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels, and increased HDL level. Moreover, T1 reversed the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Specifically, T1 resulted in a massive proliferation of Bacteroides , Parabacteroides , and Alistipes , as well as increased levels of metabolites such as DL-arginine, N-stearoyl GABA, and decreased levels of 7α,24(S)-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and hexadecanedioic acid. Correlation analysis showed that T1 alleviated HFD-induced obesity metabolic syndrome and associated inflammation by modulating specific gut microbiota and related metabolites. This provides new ideas for the treatment of diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.