Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a rare but severe neurological complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The existing literature contains only limited information about this condition. We present a case of a 38-year-old female with SLE who presented with quadriparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord showed T2-weighted high signal intensity involving the brainstem, bilateral middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles, and C1-C7 spinal cord segments. Early intervention with high-dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide was initiated, resulting in partial clinical recovery. A comprehensive literature review highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, discusses the potential etiologies, and explores the prognostic factors influencing patient outcomes. This case report underscores the need for a high level of clinical suspicion and prompt therapeutic intervention to improve prognosis in SLE patients presenting with LETM.