Assessment of anemia in cases of acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care hospital in South India

Background: Anemia is a known risk factor for ischemic heart disease and heart failure. It is also associated with increased mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The study aimed to determine the anemia status of AMI patients and educate them on anemia and its impact on health. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 150 AMI patients admitted to the ICCU of Government General Hospital Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh over 3 months. Hemoglobin levels were recorded and patients were classified as non-anemic, mildly, moderately, or severely anemic based on WHO criteria. Patients’ sociodemographic profiles and risk factors were also collected. Results: Of the 150 patients (mean age 59.6 years), 70% were males. 83% of patients had anemia- 67% mild, 12% moderate, and 4% severe. The 50-65 years age group reported the highest frequency of mild anemia cases (38 out of 54). Absence of anemia was highest among the younger 45-50 years group (3 out of 15). Anemia was higher in females, and patients with a vegetarian diet had comparatively more anemia than those consuming a mixed diet. Additionally, 24% of the cases of anemia were in the 65-75 age group. Conclusions: A high prevalence of anemia was found among AMI patients. Counselling can help improve health by increasing awareness of anemia management. Screening AMI patients for anemia and therapeutic interventions were recommended.