Wild asparaguses as a rich source of bioactive compounds: Biogeographic, intra- and interspecific variability

Asparagus spears are a widely renowned vegetable, known for their taste and nutritional value, alongside many benefits for human health. However, wild species are understudied, although they are widely consumed in traditional cuisine. Here, we focus on cultivated ( A. officinalis ) and wild ( A. tenuifolius and A. acutifolius ) species from Slovenia. We described in detail the external morphology and quality parameters, as well as the primary and secondary metabolism using HPLC and/or MS/MS systems, and their variation among species, spear portions, and geographical location. We found many significant differences between these factors, especially between species, where the wild species show low sugar and high phenolic content. Therefore, native species of Asparagus could be considered promising alternatives rich in bioactive compounds. This knowledge is vital not only as a basis for future research in this genus, but also for optimizing dietary recommendations, food processing methods, biodiversity conservation efforts, sustainable agriculture practices, and future breeding efforts. • Wild and cultivated Asparagus spears highly differ in their metabolic profile. • Metabolite content differs between spear parts. • The geographical location influences metabolism to a smaller extent. • Wild spears are a potential alternative food source with high nutritional value.