Fire safety status and evacuation of medical facility considering elevated oxygen concentrations

The prevalence of infectious diseases and rapid population expansion has increased the number of medical facilities. Due to the patients' limited mobility, these hospitals are more susceptible to fire disasters. Both Pathfinder and Fire Dynamic simulators were used to calculate the required safe evacuation time (RSET), heat release rate, visibility, temperature, CO, and oxygen effects on temperature, and available safe evacuation time (ASET). The safety egress of the medical hospital was then evaluated by comparing the available safe evacuation time (ASET) and required safe evacuation time (RSET). The simulation findings showed that the egress guides depend on delay time when delay time increases the egress guides drop. We also studied the importance of egress route decisions and suggested that at least 20 to 30 egress guides be on duty in the medical facility. The safety criteria for the medical facility have been proposed based on the delay time with the normalized egress guides. The high oxygen concentration in a hospital can put the medical staff and patients in danger and limit the required safe egress time to less than 150s. The proposed measures can be used to assess the evacuation safety of a typical medical hospital in use relatively quickly and efficiently.