Epidermoid Cyst of Floor of the Mouth: A Rare Entity

Dermoid and epidermoid cysts, originating from ectodermal tissue, are benign, slowly growing developmental cysts that can appear anywhere in the body. Just 1.6% of these cysts occur in the oral cavity and less than 7% of them impact the head and neck area. Three histological variations of dermoid cysts that Meyer revised and described in 1955 are the teratoid variant, epidermoid cysts, and dermoid cysts. The ectodermal tissue of the first and second branchial arches which gets entrapped might fuse during the third and fourth weeks of pregnancy and may lead to the development of a midline epidermoid cyst in the floor of the mouth. The sublingual, submaxillary, and submandibular areas are the sites of development, the floor of the mouth being an uncommon location for this condition. A slow-growing intraoral dermoid cyst may increase and obstruct speech or deglutition, or it may represent a compromise to the airway and necessitate prompt surgical surgery. We document a case of a 23-year-old female with an epidermoid cyst clinically appreciable as a large sublingual swelling obstructing swallowing and speech. An intraoral approach was used to surgically incise the pathology.