Anti-diabetic Effect of Quercetin-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Streptozotocin-induced male Diabetic Rats

Quercetin is recognized for its significant effects on diabetes, and its consequences, however, the impacts of nanoparticle administration of these compounds as a treatment for diabetes are unclear. However, therapeutic application of quercetin is limited by its weak solubility in water, limited bioavailability, short life span, and chemical instability. We have to interact with quercetin at the nanoscale as a way to get over its accessibility restrictions. Nanoparticles show new or modified properties which are supported by two features such as size and dispersion. The current research was performed to examine the antidiabetic effect of quercetin (QU), and Quercetin-loaded solid nanoparticles (QU-SLN) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male diabetic rats. In order to examine the effects of co-treatment with these compounds on diabetes: diabetes, oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid profiles, insulin, and genes were identified. Forty-eight male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica) with weights of 180-200 g were used. After 7 days of induction of diabetes, the rats were grouped into six groups, each of 8 rats. Group A: non-diabetic animals, Group B1: 50 mg/kg STZ-induced diabetic animals that did not receive treatment, Group B2: the Diabetic rats who received DMSO; Group B3: the Diabetic rats who given diamicron (15 mg/kg body weight oral daily); Group B4: the Diabetic animals who given quercetin (15 mg/kg body weight oral daily); Group B5: the Diabetic animals who received quercetin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (15 mg/mg/kg weight oral daily). The fasting blood glucose levels; and serum insulin levels were determined after 21 days of quercetin, SLN, and diamicron treatment. Moreover, in-vivo results demonstrated that QU and QU-SLNs significantly (p < 0.001) improved the elevate in serum blood glucose levels, insulin, and dyslipidemia in diabetic animals compared with normal control. Oxidative stress and tissue damage biomarkers were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by these compounds. Meanwhile, QU, and QU-SLNs greatly downregulated (p < 0.001) CEL, and GCKR genes. Therefore, our research shows that co-treatment with QU, and QU_SLNs are effective in treating diabetes. We further propose that cotreatment with QU, and QU-SLNs may be an alternative form of treatment for diabetes.