Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activity (Antioxidant and Antibacterial) of Punica granatum Fruit peel extract Cultivated in Sa'dah Governorate-Yemen

Punica granatum (Pomegranate) is a valuable source of secondary plant metabolism compounds (SMs) that are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. The phytochemical screening illustrates that the Sa’dah P. granatum cultivar peel ethanol extract containsvarious beneficial components, including Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Steroids, Phenols, and Tannins. Moreover, the Sa’dah P. granatum cultivar peel ethanol extract (1.3 μg/ml) exhibited significant antioxidant activity compared to low concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 μg/ml). Furthermore, the Sa’dah P. granatum cultivar peel ethanol extract displays potent antibacterial activities against selected pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) compared to two nominated antibiotics (Ampicillin and Gentamicin). This remarkable performance can be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoid compounds, which exhibit high antioxidant activity.