How pruning season affects the phenology of Vitis sp. cultivated in a semiarid climate

The pruning time for Vitis vinifera sp. is determined by environmental factors that affect the level of hormones in the plant and, consequently, control metabolic changes. Inducing meristematic activity and altering the phenology of the vine. However, a drastic reduction in the yield of excessively pruned vines has been observed with potential effects not only for the current season but also for subsequent seasons, due to the decrease in the plant's reserves. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on how pruning time affects the phenology of vines grown in a semi-arid climate, highlighting how environmental factors regulate vine growth in regions with a semi-arid climate, and which strategies can be used for cultivation in this region. Estimating the best pruning time encourages better practices and timely actions to improve vine productivity and grape quality. Therefore, this study provides important information for planning grapevine cultivation at different pruning times.