Clinical and experimental justification of the methods of treatment for distal occlusion (literature review)

One of the main issues in the treatment of patients with various dental and jaw abnormalities is ensuring the stability of the position of the supporting teeth, which is a necessary condition for the movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment. 45 to 75 % of the population need orthodontic correction, distal occlusion is found in 10–25 % of the population. The use of mini dental implants is the most effective method of providing the stability of the support. The stability of a mini dental implant during orthodontic treatment depends on many factors such as implant type, dimensions, surface characteristics, insertion angle, insertion torque, amount of applied orthodontic force, topography, and soft tissue characteristics. The rate of treatment failure remains quite high, so treatment methods need further study and improvement. The provision of stable support in teeth shifting in patients with distal occlusion with an enlarged upper jaw and of the possibility of molar distalization in this category of patients remains a particularly important issue.