Maternal Biochemical Markers and Risk of Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder associated with a numerous feto-maternal complication. This condition prevails in developing countries, where it is an important reason for feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the role of maternal biochemical markers in the development of preeclampsia during pregnancy. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out after ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board. The study included 200 participants: 100 patients with preeclampsia and 100 normotensive pregnant women as controls. Preeclampsia was diagnosed based on blood pressure readings above 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria levels exceeding 300 mg/24h. Independentsample t-test was applied to see the differences in both groups in SPSS version 25. Results: Significantly higher mean levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and Sodium were observed in women with preeclampsia (p <0.0001). Conversely, the mean levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p= 0.0169), magnesium, calcium and potassium were lower in women with preeclampsia (p <0.0001). Conclusions: Total cholesterol, triglycerides lipid profile and levels of calcium and magnesium were significantly disrupted and showed strong correlations with the severity of the disease. In clinical practice, these biomarkers could facilitate the timely detection of at-risk cases, potentially reducing the rate of feto-maternal complications.