Study of the Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in General Proaño Parish: Evaluation using Rose Bengal Test and Confirmation through Competitive ELISA

Bovine brucellosis is an infectious pathology that compromises animal well-being and causes significant economic losses for livestock farmers. This disease leads to abortions and is caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus. In this research, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) was estimated in General Proaño Parish using the Rose Bengal test and confirmation through competitive ELISA. Methodologically, The research was carried out between February and August 2023 on 100 animals from 25 locations in the Proaño parish, in the Morona canton, Ecuador. Blood serum was obtained from five breeds of cattle: Charolais, Holstein, Brown Swiss, Mestiza and Jersey. The collected samples were transported to the laboratory for their respective analysis. Five milliliters of venous blood were collected from the coccygeal vein, from which 1 mL of blood serum was obtained. The serum was used for disease diagnosis through the Rose Bengal test, and those that tested seropositive were reconfirmed using the competitive ELISA immunoassay method. The clinical analyses determined that there is a 0% prevalence of the pathology; based on these results, we can state that the null prevalence of Brucella may be due to environmental and geographical factors that influence its presence and transmission. Furthermore, the precision and sensitivity of the diagnostic methods used are crucial; however, the ELISA and Rose Bengal methods may have been insensitive and did not detect mild infections. Finally, Brucella infection may not be present during sampling due to temporal fluctuations in its prevalence. In conclusion, there is no scientific evidence of bovine brucellosis as the primary cause of abortions and gestational losses in the study area.