Examination of Mandibular Lingual Foramen Variations with Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Pilot Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the number, location, dimensions, and distance from the lower edge of the mandible and the crest of the medial and lateral lingual foramen (MLF-LLF) in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to evaluate the relationships with age and gender. Material and Methods: The locations of MLF and LLF were identified in cross CT sections and their numbers, the dimensions of the foramen, the distances were recorded, and relationships with age and gender were evaluated. Results: The study included 93 patients (mean age 39.85±13.28 years), with 48 male and 45 female participants. One MLF was found in 48 patients, 2 in 33 patients, 3 in 5 patients, and no MLF in 7 patients. 1 LLF was detected in 32 patients, and 2 LLF in 5 patients. No foramen was found in 5 patients. The MLF dimensions and the distance of the MLF to the lower edge of the mandible in men were found to be significantly higher than women. It was determined that as age increases, the distance of MLFs from the lower edge of the mandible increases. MLFs were mostly located above the genial tubercle. A total of 16 LLFs were identified in the anterior region outside the midline, 20 LLFs in the premolar region, and 6 in the molar region. Conclusion: This study revealed that LFs were predominantly located in the midline and in the inter-foraminal area. A detailed radiological examination of these areas must be performed before the operations.