Indomethacin Delivery from PCL Nanofibrous Scaffolds Enhances Biomineralization and Cell Adhesion: Biocompatible Scaffold Model for Teeth Regeneration

3D porous scaffolds have shown remarkable promise in the fields of tissue regeneration and medication delivery. This study focuses on constructing uniform 3D structures from polycaprolactone (PCL) loaded with nano-bioactive glass (58S) for the purpose of facilitating the development of dental cells. The scaffold surfaces were activated using chitosan, a biocompatible compound. The scaffolds underwent thorough characterization, encompassing the assessment of their physicochemical properties, thermal behavior, and microstructural aspects. A study was conducted on the release of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, and the mode of cell death was evaluated using MG-63 cell lines. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (HDPSCs) were specifically planted into the scaffolds made of nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation demonstrated significant cell adhesion, multiplication, and expansion. The scaffolds containing 58S exhibited markedly larger densities of mineralized nodules produced by HDPSCs, suggesting enhanced mineralization and the possibility of enhanced regeneration of tooth tissue. The results revealed that the scaffolds contained 58S (NF6) and the scaffolds that contained the drug into the nanofibers matrix (NF7) had a slower release rate (9%) than the scaffolds that contained the drug through the coated layer (NF4) which was 16%. Moreover, the cell viability illustrated that (NF4), (NF6) and (NF7) are the best samples which recorded more than 300%, 100% and 200% viability percent, respectively. These novel 3D homogenous scaffolds show significant potential for precise drug administration and the restoration of dental tissues, leading to revolutionary progress in dental healthcare.