Study of Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Solanum sisymbriifolium leaf

Introduction: Plants are rich in biologically active compounds, including morphine, digitalis, quinine, Nicotine and muscarine, used in both natural and synthetic drugs. Recent clinically useful plants include paclitaxel, artemisinin, and vinblastin. Secondary metabolites contribute to modern drugs, antibiotics, vitamins, and hormones. Materials and Methods: The study investigates the phytochemical constituents of Solanum sisymbriifolium leaves' ethanol extract using various methods. It identifies secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and anthraquinones. The study also employed a thin layer chromatography (TLC) method for compounddetection and identification. This provides valuable insights into plant extract chemistry. Results: The ethanol extract of Solanum sisymbriifolium was subjected to phytochemical screening to identify various phytoconstituents. The extract showed positive results for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinones. The total flavonoid content of the plant extract was 266.34±33.22, while the total phenolic content was 119.69±2.70. The antioxidant test with DPPH showed that the IC50 value of ascorbic acid (AA) increased with the increase of concentration but remained almost constant over time. The reducing power activity test showed that the absorbance of the plant extract increased with different concentrations but remained almost constant with respect to concentration. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was conducted on different solvent systems, showing different polarity and Rf values. The Rf values increased with the increase of polarity, indicating that the separated compounds have more affinity for the comparative polar mobile phase. The Rf values also increased with the increase of polarity, indicating that the compounds have more affinity for the comparative polar mobile phase. Conclusion: Medicinal plants, like Solanum sisymbriifolium leaves, have antioxidant activity for disease management. Further investigation is needed to isolate and characterize these compounds, assess their preventive role against free radicals.