A study of poly(pentaerythritol triallyl ether) embolic granules with medium swelling properties using for vascular embolizations against hepatocellar carcinoma

Abstract Interventional embolotherapy is widely used in clinical treatment of conservative liver cancer. This method has many advantages, such as good targeting, mild trauma, and low complications. The operation of transcatheter arterial embolization is to inject embolic microspheres into the arterial blood vessels of diseased organs, so as to occlude them and interrupt the blood supply, thus achieving the therapeutic purpose. However, there are still some deficiencies in clinical materials, for example catheter obstruction or vascular regeneration. In this study, pentaerythritol triallyl ether (APE) and its esterified product APEAA were used to prepare new polymeric amorphous embolic granules (PAPE and PAPEAA). The purpose is to overcome the excessive swelling problems of traditional polyvinyl alcohol granules (PVA). We verified that PAPE and PAPEAA were quickly and efficiently polymerized by photo‐driven radical‐mediated [3 + 2] cyclopolymerization mechanism (PRMC). RT‐FTIR was used to explore the best route of photopolymerization initiated by four photoinitiators. Four physical properties experiments all prove that the particle has good physical properties. In vivo animal experiments, it is confirmed that the particles can achieve the expected effect and have good biological safety. The results show that the amorphous granules can meet the requirements of clinical injection and can be used as a new embolic material.