Cytopathological Pattern of Lymphadenopathy in North Kordofan, Sudan

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a frequently encountered and clinically relevant condition that can have several causes, including curable infections or cancerous growths. This study was done to analyze the different cytopathological patterns observed in the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of patients with lymphadenopathy. Methodology: In this retrospective study, we present the findings of a comprehensive analysis on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of 70 cases with lymphadenopathy in North Kordofan State. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and underlying causes of lymph node enlargement across different age groups, as well as analyze the diverse cytopathological patterns associated with lymphadenopathies. Results: The study population comprised 43 males and 27 females, ranging in age from 6 to 78 years, with a mean age of 50.6 years. Among the 70 cases, 40 were determined to be benign. Out of these, 31 were diagnosed as tuberculosis and 9 were classified as benign lymph node aspirates, which included reactive hyperplasia and vascular lesions. The remaining 30 cases were reported as malignant. Out of these, 12 were identified as metastatic carcinoma, 10 as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 4 as metastatic breast cancer, and 4 as large-cell anaplastic lymphoma. Conclusion: Benign tumors are the predominant components of lymphadenopathy. FNAC is a valuable method for examining lymphadenopathy.