Protective factors for suicidal behaviour in adults self-reported as LGBTQ+: a study based on modulating variables

Abstract This study aims to identify factors that modulate resilience in LGBTQ + adults with a history of suicide attempts and reattempts, by hypothesising that positive mental health and various internal and external protective factors will predict suicide resilience in this population. 112 LGBTQ + Spanish individuals (60.7% self-identified as female, 34.8% as male and 4.5% did not identify their gender) aged 18–41 years with a history of self-harm or suicide attempts completed several questionnaires measuring variables such as self-efficacy, emotion regulation, social support, entrapment, anxiety, depression, positive mental health and resilience. In terms of the protective variables most predictive of resilience, social support, positive mental health and emotion regulation were found to be crucial and, to a lesser extent, self-efficacy expectations for coping with stressful or adverse situations. In addition, path analyses revealed distinct profiles of modulated categorical variables in LGTBQ + individuals who had attempted suicide once or who had attempted suicide two or more times. These findings highlight the importance of addressing protective factors, such as social support and positive mental health, in promoting resilience and reducing suicide risk among LGBTQ + individuals.