Effects of Thermal Radiation and Magnetic Flux on MgO–Au–Ag/Blood Tri-Nanohybrid Fluid Flow in Arteries

Nanoparticles such as magnesium oxide (MgO), silver (Ag) and gold (Au) can be used in conjunction with therapeutic agents, including anticancer drugs, gene therapy and antibiotics, to enable precise and controlled delivery. Recently, there has been significant interest in modifying biological fluid flow over arteries, particularly for drug delivery applications. This study aims to develop a comprehensive numerical model to investigate the flow dynamics of a hybrid nanofluid, specifically using pure blood as the base fluid and incorporating magnesium oxide (MgO), gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. The primary focus of this research is to explore the potential applications of this model in drug delivery systems, highlighting its promising capabilities for controlled and targeted drug release. The governing equations were transformed using the comparison transformation approach to address the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). MATLAB’s BVP4C program was used to mathematically solve this problem and analyze the effects of relevant parameters. The findings show that the tri-hybrid nanofluid (MgO, Au and Ag) is extremely effective for heat control and medication transport within arterial channels. Specifically, under conditions of strong thermal radiation, the heat transfer rate at the lower wall increased by 83.924%, while at the upper wall, it increased by 72.098% for the tri-hybrid nanofluids.