Synergistic impact of Chlorella vulgaris, zinc oxide- and/or selenium nanoparticles dietary supplementation on broiler’s growth performance, antioxidant and blood biochemistry

The current study explored the influence of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris dried powder (CV) with zinc-oxide-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and/or selenium-nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on broilers' growth, antioxidant capacity, immune status, histological responses, and gene expression of some related genes. Several 200 one-day-old Cobb-500 male chicks were distributed into 5 groups with four replicates each. In the 1st group, birds were fed the basal diet (BD). In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups, birds received the BD supplemented with CV only, CV + ZnO-NPs, CV + Se-NPs, and CV + ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs, respectively. The CV dried powder, ZnO-NPs, and Se-NPs were added to the BD at a rate of 1 g, 40 mg, and 0.3 mg/kg diet, respectively. After 6 weeks of feeding, increases in final body weights (P < 0.05), body weight gain (P < 0.05), and feed intake (P < 0.05) were linked with improvements in FCR (P < 0.05) and intestinal morphometric indices (P < 0.05), and marked up-regulations of MYOS (P < 0.05), GHR (P < 0.05), and IGF (P < 0.05) genes were established. Additionally, distinct increases in antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD (P < 0.05), and GPX (P < 0.05) with increases in the mRNA copies of their genes were measured. Moreover, slight improvement in immunity indices, WBCs count (P > 0.05), and phagocytic and lysozyme activities (P > 0.05) were found. However, distinct increases in phagocytic index (P < 0.05) and up-regulations of IL-1β and TNF, and down-regulation of IL-10 mRNA levels were reported (P < 0.05). These findings were prominent in the case of the separate supplementation of CV with ZnO-NPs or Se-NPs confirming the synergistic mechanisms of CV with ZnO-NPs or Se-NPs. Thus, the synergetic supplementation of CV with ZnO-NPs, or Se-NPs in the broiler's diet could augment their growth and antioxidant response.