2 Y-box: a proof of concept for engaging boys and young men in violent injury prevention

<h3>Background</h3> In many areas, progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals remains limited -not least with regard to violence. Interpersonal violence remains a significant social challenge, particularly in areas that have also been affected by conflict. International data consistently demonstrates that exposure, and the harm caused by exposure, is highly clustered, with children young people often most vulnerable. Despite decades of research acknowledging the gendered dimensions of perpetration, there is a paucity of scientifically supported evidence around how best to engage boys and young men in meaningful and sustainable behavioural change. <h3>Objective</h3> This paper will outline a proof of concept for how a process of co-production between academics and youth workers led to the design, delivery and evaluation of an evidence supported model of practice aimed at engaging male youth in violence prevention. The paper will outline the process as well as the core components of the model (Reflection, Skills Development, Opportunities, and Coaching) and also provide the audience with details on the evaluation findings. <h3>Methods</h3> A mixed methods process evaluation was undertaken documenting the facilitators and impediments to delivery, as well as the cognitive and behavioural impact of intervention exposure. Following Proctor (2011), an implementation framework informed the design. Qualitative data was analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) and the primary outcome measures were analysed using paired t-tests. <h3>Results</h3> At both practitioner and youth levels, the intervention was highly acceptable. With regard to feasibility, practitioner coaching was an element that was not originally planned for. Youth participants demonstrated significant cognitive and behavioural change. Participants scored higher on gender equitable measures, and self reported violence reduced significantly. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is a paucity of scientifically supported data on male youth violence prevention interventions and practitioners often lack confidence to engage with the issues. Despite the enduring prevalence and harm of youth violence, few studies have captured how best to engage young men in its prevention. This co-produced, gender conscious model increased practitioners capacity and confidence, provided a framework within which to address male youth violence, and contributed to the reduction of self reported violence among young men.