Explosion Shock Dynamics and Hazards in Complex Civil Buildings: A Case Study of a Severe Fuel Explosion Accident in Yinchuan, China

Gas explosion accidents can easily lead to large-scale casualties and economic losses, significantly impeding the urban development. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review and investigate a significant gas fuel explosion accident in Yinchuan City, China, and to conduct an in-depth discussion on process traceability, failure risk, hazard prevention, and urban development related to the accident. The research found that the accidental failure of double-valve liquefied petroleum gas cylinders and human error were identified as the direct causes of gas leakage. The numerical results indicated that the progression of the accident disaster was chaotic and highly destructive. The maximum explosion overpressure of 92 kPa resulted in severe shock-wave damage to personnel, leading to the complete destruction and collapse of the 0.2 m thick solid brick wall and obstructing the stairway for escape. The rapid change in temperature and oxygen levels caused by the explosion led to the risk of burns and asphyxiation for personnel at the scene. By utilizing the system safety theory, a gas leakage accident control structure system was developed. This system comprised four key levels: the local government, gas management department, gas company, and individual user. The tragedy of 31 deaths was ultimately caused by a serious lack of safety constraints on the behavior of the lower level by the higher level. The research conclusions are of great significance for preventing clean fuel explosion accidents and ensuring sustainable urban development, especially in the face of the negative impact of accidents.