Causal relationships between gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and HIV infection: insights from Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis

Our study revealed that gut microbiota and metabolites causally influence HIV infection risk more substantially than the reverse. We identified the bidirectional causality between 1-palmitoyl-GPI (16:0) and HIV infection, and elucidated four mediation relationships. These findings provide genetic insights into prediction, prevention, and personalized medicine of HIV infection.