Socio-techno-economic-environmental investigation of scenarios-based combination sources of green energy system - A case study in Spain

The importance of development, generation, enhancement, and integration of renewable energy sources into the current energy network is excellent; however, the successful implementation of these technologies highly relies on the appropriate regulations, type of application, and the careful consideration of social-economic-technical-environmental analysis. In this research, the PRISMI Plus toolkit, which has been proven as a powerful toolkit in PRISMI projects for islands, the dataset provided by the municipality, and the update of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan were utilized for effective techno-economic analysis, comparing the flexibility of renewable energy systems including photovoltaic and wind turbines and planning of renewable energy scenarios of “Onda” town, in eastern Spain. The examined scenarios consist of a baseline scenario, a 50 % share scenario, and a 100 % share scenario. The baseline scenario entails no change in emissions or new installations of renewable energy resources. In contrast, the 50 % share and 100 % reduction in emissions are achieved through the installation of suitable-sized renewable energy sources, respectively. In scenarios 2 and 3, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered to be restricted to smart charging functionality only, and no Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) is allowed. Based on the techno-socio-economic assessment, the second scenario has a more extensive technical capability to investment ratio compared to the other scenarios. Therefore, the 50 % share scenario is considered more worthwhile. This hypothetical situation has the potential to decrease energy costs by as much as 10 %, diminish relying on fossil fuels for electricity production, confine Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, generate employment opportunities at the local level, and guide the municipality towards the ideals of a sustainable and energy self-sufficient city. Although similar research has been done for other cities, the novelty of this research is in the health consideration.