Analyzing the Efficiency of CZTSSe Solar Cell With Three Different ETMs

Fossil fuels supply about 85% of global energy but are nonrenewable and harmful to health and the environment.Solar cells (SC) convert solar power to electricity, and due to their ubiquity, low cost, ecological benefits, and rapid production, they've seen significant growth in research.Solar cells are categorized into four groups, each with unique components and benefits.First-generation silicon panels dominated for over 30 years but are declining due to high production costs and energy waste.CZTSSe is a promising third-generation material, offering abundance, low cost, nontoxicity, and efficiency compared to cadmium telluride (CdTe).With a high absorption coefficient and ideal semiconductor structure, CZTSSe shows potential as a novel photovoltaic material, achieving efficiencies up to 12.6%.The SCAPS 1-D modeling tool helps researchers optimize solar cell efficiency by simulating various structures.The study reveals that different ETMs significantly impact CZTSSe solar cell performance, with PCEs of 7.65% and 6.79% using n-CdS and n-ZnSe, respectively.In contrast, using n-TiO2 reduced PCE to 4.37%.