Superior electrochemical performances of Lithium vanadium oxide with coconut shell-based porous carbon as the anode of the aqueous Li ion battery

Carbon materials, as the skeleton structure of electrode materials, are composited with lithium-ion anode materials, which not only increase the electrical conductivity of the materials, but also enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode materials. In this paper, LiV 3 O 8 @C composites were prepared by using coconut shell-based porous carbon to structurally modulate aqueous lithium-ion anode materials. And three composites with different structures and sizes were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method, hydrothermal stirring method and improved solid-phase method. After XRD and SEM analyses, it was found that all three composites maintained the monoclinic crystal system structure of LiV 3 O 8 , and the materials prepared by the hydrothermal method showed a smooth layer structure, while the materials prepared by the hydrothermal stirring method and the solid-phase method showed nanorods with different sizes. The prepared anode materials and LiFePO 4 cathode materials were assembled into an aqueous lithium-ion full battery, and were subjected to charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the electrochemical performances of the three composites are significantly improved compared with the pure LiV 3 O 8 . Specifically, the discharge capacities of the two groups of nanorod-like composites were 112.2 mAh/g and 85.5 mAh/g at a rate of 0.2 C, which were improved by as much as two times compared with the pure LiV 3 O 8 . However, the composite material with layered structure not only reaches an initial discharge specific capacity of 148.39 mAh/g, which is 2.7 times higher than that of the pure LiV 3 O 8 , but also effectively slows down the dissolution effect of LiV 3 O 8 by compositing with the carbon material, and at the same time, it shows excellent rate performance. • The composite material LiV 3 O 8 @C with layered structure has excellent energy storage capability in aqueous lithium ion battery. • The coconut shell-based porous carbon effectively mitigates the dissolution effect of LiV 3 O 8 material in the electrolyte. • The cost-effective coconut shell-based porous carbon materials not only possess environmental protection and sustainable development, but also provide a new idea for the green development of lithium-ion battery materials.