Mitigation of Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats by 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline: Modulation of Inflammatory Mechanisms
Objective: To investigate the gastroprotective influence of 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline in a rat model of indomethacininducedgastric ulcers. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6) as follows: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (indomethacin only, 30 mg/kg), Group 3 (indomethacin and 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline, 30 mg/kg), Group 4 (indomethacin with 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline, 60 mg/kg), and Group 5 (indomethacin with esomeprazole, 30 mg/kg). The efficacy of 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline in mitigating gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin in rats was evaluated based on gastric morphology, histopathology, and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: Indomethacin-induced stomach ulcers resulted in epithelial damage and blood streaks on the gastric mucosa. However, treatmentwith indomethacin and 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline (60 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced ulcers compared to the indomethacin-only group. Inflammatory cells were observed in the indomethacin group, while the 60 mg/kg 2,3-Dichloro-6- (trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline-treated group exhibited the restoration of normal epithelial tissue and minimal inflammatory cells, similar to the control and esomeprazole-treated groups. Furthermore, 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline significantly decreased inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, INF-γ, and IL-β1) and increased gastroprotective mediator levels (PGE2 and mucin), both with P-values below 0.05, in contrast to the effects of indomethacin. Conclusion: This study provides clinical evidence highlighting the gastroprotective properties of 2,3-Dichloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy) quinoxaline. Its initial application reveals, for the first time, its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin. However, further tests are warranted to validate these findings.
Authors
- Hind AbdulMajed
- Jawahir Ahmad Mokhtar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-6941)
- Noura Daffa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9778-3915)
- Motasim Jawi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-9019)
- Hussam Daghistani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-8350)
- Hanouf Niyazi
- Hatoon A. Niyazi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-1840)
- Noof Helmi
- Yousef Almoghrabi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-1532)
- Mohammed W. Al-Rabia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1578-1810)
- Samah Yahya Labban (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-0062)
- Mohammed A. Bazuhair (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-2346)
- Taghreed Shamrani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-6782)
- Karem Ibrahem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9473-3591)
- Noha Juma
- Abdelbagi Elfadi
Institutions
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- University of Jeddah (SA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences
- Published
- 2024-08-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v10i4.1582
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.25