Biological activities of novel 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives and their toxicity on certain pests infesting field crops in laboratory conditions

A variety of highly potent derivatives of 2-pyrazoline-5-one, including chromene-3-carbohydrazide 2 , 2-thioxothiazole-5-carbohydrazide 3 , 2-oxopyridine-3-carbonitriles ( 4 – 6 ), 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylohydrazide ( 7, 8 ), and 3-amino-5-arylpyrazole-4-carbohydrazide ( 9, 10 ), were synthesized as pesticide agents using acetohydrazide 1 , a versatile and easily obtainable compound. The compounds structures were entirely ascertained utilizing different spectroscopic methods, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and analysis of elements. In the laboratory, we assessed the impact of nine 2-pyrazoline-5-one derivatives on the fourth larval stage of the cotton leaf worm ( Spodoptera littorals ), Monacha obstructa , and Tetranychus urticae adults. We used abamectin as the reference compound. The LC 50 values of compound 3 for S. littorals, M. obstructa , and T. urticae are 0.90, 0.70, and 0.52 mg a.i./L, respectively. The LC 50 values for the same compound for S. littorals , M. obstructa , and T. urticae are 0.80, 0.60, and 0.45 mg a.i./L, respectively. Therefore, it is a remarkably potent compound. Compound 6 exhibited lower levels of danger, as indicated by LC 50 values of 1.94, 1.90, and 1.83 mg a.i./L against the three tested pests. Ten days after treatment, all three pests were moderately toxic to the remaining 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives, 1, 2, 4, 5 , and 7 – 10 . Conversely, the mortality rate of the tested compounds increased when the treated individuals were exposed to high concentrations. These 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives are suggested as suitable alternatives and foundational structures for developing novel insecticides.