Chrono-EEG dynamics influencing hand gesture decoding: a 10-hour study

Long-term electroencephalography (EEG) recordings have primarily been used to study resting-state fluctuations. These recordings provide valuable insights into various phenomena such as sleep stages, cognitive processes, and neurological disorders. However, this study explores a new angle, focusing for the first time on the evolving nature of EEG dynamics over time within the context of movement. Twenty-two healthy individuals were measured six times from 2 p.m. to 12 a.m. with intervals of 2 h while performing four right-hand gestures. Analysis of movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) revealed a reduction in amplitude for the motor and post-motor potential during later hours of the day. Evaluation in source space displayed an increase in the activity of M1 of the contralateral hemisphere and the SMA of both hemispheres until 8 p.m. followed by a decline until midnight. Furthermore, we investigated how changes over time in MRCP dynamics affect the ability to decode motor information. This was achieved by developing classification schemes to assess performance across different scenarios. The observed variations in classification accuracies over time strongly indicate the need for adaptive decoders. Such adaptive decoders would be instrumental in delivering robust results, essential for the practical application of BCIs during day and nighttime usage.