<i>Euclid</i>: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment

We investigated the ability of the Euclid telescope to detect galaxy-scale gravitational lenses. To do so, we performed a systematic visual inspection of the 0.7 deg 2 Euclid Early Release Observations data towards the Perseus cluster using both the high-resolution I E band and the lower-resolution Y E , J E , and H E bands. Each extended source brighter than magnitude 23 in I E was inspected by 41 expert human classifiers. This amounts to 12086 stamps of 10″ × 10″. We found 3 grade A and 13 grade B candidates. We assessed the validity of these 16 candidates by modelling them and checking that they are consistent with a single source lensed by a plausible mass distribution. Five of the candidates pass this check, five others are rejected by the modelling, and six are inconclusive. Extrapolating from the five successfully modelled candidates, we infer that the full 14 000 deg 2 of the Euclid Wide Survey should contain 100 000 −30 000 + 70 000 galaxy-galaxy lenses that are both discoverable through visual inspection and have valid lens models. This is consistent with theoretical forecasts of 170 000 discoverable galaxy-galaxy lenses in Euclid . Our five modelled lenses have Einstein radii in the range 0'.'68 &lt; θ E &lt; 1″.24, but their Einstein radius distribution is on the higher side when compared to theoretical forecasts. This suggests that our methodology is likely missing small-Einstein-radius systems. Whilst it is implausible to visually inspect the full Euclid dataset, our results corroborate the promise that Euclid will ultimately deliver a sample of around 10 5 galaxy-scale lenses.

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Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-03-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451868
Citations
12
Primary Topic
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
14.30

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article

Euclid: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment

M Viel, L. Marchetti, Dominique Sluse, S Pires et al.
12 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
14.30
article

Euclid: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment

M Viel, L. Marchetti, Dominique Sluse, S Pires, G. Seidel, J. Brinchmann, Will J. Percival, P. Tallada-Crespí, Ana Acebrón, G. Riccio, L. Delchambre, D. Le Mignant, C. Sirignano, M. Brescia, I. Hook, M. Vaccari, C. Baccigalupi, L. Bazzanini, M. Bolzonella, Gregory Walth, R Nakajima, J. Carretero, C. Giocoli, O. Marggraf, Guillaume Mahler, H. Bouy, S Dusini, Leonidas A. Moustakas, S. Schuldt, Y. Copin, Pietro Battaglia, T.E Collett, F Courbin, N. Jackson, M. Jhabvala, F. Torradeflot, A. Díaz‐Sánchez, G. Sirri, S. Bardelli, L Conversi, E. Munari, M. Martinelli, J Steinwagner, G Castignani, Ana Paulino-Afonso, V. Capobianco, Laura Leuzzi, L. Moscardini, T. Schrabback, T. Saifollahi, Giulia Despali, P Gómez-Álvarez, M Poncet, S. Andreon, S. V. H. Haugan, R. Massey, S Marcin, T. Vassallo, Andréia Cristina de Melo, H Hoekstra, D. Tavagnacco, R. Toledo-Moreo, M. Moresco, K Pedersen, J. Skottfelt, L Stanco, D. Sapone, M. Meneghetti, D. Bonino, J.W Nightingale, G. Congedo, L. Valenziano, A Kiessling, A. Caillat, E. Romelli, Christopher J. Conselice, I. Tutusaus, O. Mansutti, N. Martinet, Matthias Kluge, G. Vernardos, P Schneider, W. Gillard, J.A. Acevedo Barroso, C. Padilla Aranda, E. Maiorano, A Manjón-García, Lucie Scharré, B. Gillis, F. Dubath, S Casas, R. B. Metcalf, A. Hornstrup, E. Medinaceli, Sandor Kruk, A. Amara, A. Balestra, K. Jahnkę, B. Altieri, A. Secroun, M. Farina, F. Mannucci, F. Pasian, L. Guzzo, Stephen Serjeant, J. Weller, S. Ligori, Achille Nucita, M. Castellano, M Melchior, C Colodro-Conde, S. Galeotta, S Paltani, E. Franceschi, E. A. Valentijn, Marco Baldi, C. Stone, Ariel G. Sánchez, J. Wilde, R Gavazzi, S Farrens, I.T Andika, R. Cabanac, B. Garilli, S. Camera, Z. Sakr, M Schirmer, S. H. Suyu, J. Dinis, V. Lindholm, R. Rébolo, M. Cropper, E. Keihänen, J. C. Pearson, S. Cavuoti, N. Auricchio, M. Frailis, Jean‐Charles Cuillandre, V Scottez, G Polenta, E Zucca, Natalie B Hogg, C. Carbone, Y Mellier, S. Kermiche, L. Corcione, Colm O’Riordan, Claudia Scarlata, P. B. Lilje, E Merlin, Paul H. Holloway, S. Ferriol, S. Serrano, E. Rossetti, A Renzi, Gian Paolo Candini, A. Verma, E. Branchini, L. Pozzetti, L. V. E. Koopmans, F Grupp, R. C. Nichol, B.C Nagam, Valerio Busillo, R Pearce-Casey, Yun Wang, A. Da Silva, K. Rojas, G de Lucia, M Kunz, B Joachimi, L. Popa, I. Tereno, L.R Ecker, Predrag Matavulj, J Crook-Mansour, G. Meylan, H. Degaudenzi, H. Kurki‐Suonio, A.N Taylor, W. A. Holmes, B. Clément, C. Neissner, F. Hormuth, V Pettorino, R Saglia, Jason Rhodes, Koshy George, A Grazian, B. Kubik, G Mainetti, X Dupac, I. Lloro, C Burigana, M. D. Seiffert, H.M Courtois, F Marulli, A Cimatti, D.M Powell, Oliver Müller, A Franco, S.-M Niemi, F Raison, M. Walmsley
article en
12 citations

Abstract

We investigated the ability of the Euclid telescope to detect galaxy-scale gravitational lenses. To do so, we performed a systematic visual inspection of the 0.7 deg 2 Euclid Early Release Observations data towards the Perseus cluster using both the high-resolution I E band and the lower-resolution Y E , J E , and H E bands. Each extended source brighter than magnitude 23 in I E was inspected by 41 expert human classifiers. This amounts to 12086 stamps of 10″ × 10″. We found 3 grade A and 13 grade B candidates. We assessed the validity of these 16 candidates by modelling them and checking that they are consistent with a single source lensed by a plausible mass distribution. Five of the candidates pass this check, five others are rejected by the modelling, and six are inconclusive. Extrapolating from the five successfully modelled candidates, we infer that the full 14 000 deg 2 of the Euclid Wide Survey should contain 100 000 −30 000 + 70 000 galaxy-galaxy lenses that are both discoverable through visual inspection and have valid lens models. This is consistent with theoretical forecasts of 170 000 discoverable galaxy-galaxy lenses in Euclid . Our five modelled lenses have Einstein radii in the range 0'.'68 &lt; θ E &lt; 1″.24, but their Einstein radius distribution is on the higher side when compared to theoretical forecasts. This suggests that our methodology is likely missing small-Einstein-radius systems. Whilst it is implausible to visually inspect the full Euclid dataset, our results corroborate the promise that Euclid will ultimately deliver a sample of around 10 5 galaxy-scale lenses.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 697
Institut Universitaire de France (FR), Université de Lille (FR), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Centre National d'Études Spatiales (FR), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), European Space Agency (FR), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (FR), Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation (FR), Centre de physique des particules de Marseille (FR), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (FR), Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (FR), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (FR), Château Gombert (FR), CEA Paris-Saclay (FR), Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR), Laboratoire Paul Painlevé (FR), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (FR), Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon (FR), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (FR), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (FR)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, European Space Agency, Royal Society, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Agenția Spațială Română, Norsk Romsenter, Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
14.30
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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