Factors Influencing the Quality and Extent of the Informed Consent Process in Patients Undergoing Surgical Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Informed consent is an essential component of medical practice, particularly in surgical procedures, as it guarantees that patients are thoroughly informed of the risks, benefits, and alternatives prior to receiving treatment. Nevertheless, research has demonstrated that patients frequently fail to recall critical information that was conveyed during the informed consent process, which emphasizes the potential for communication and comprehension deficiencies. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of informed consent and the decision-making preferences of patients who are undergoing surgical procedures. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 239 hospitalized patients who were scheduled for elective surgeries at a tertiary hospital in Muscat. The survey assessed patients' satisfaction with the process, preferences for decision-making, and comprehension of informed consent. Non-parametric correlation analysis was implemented to analyze the data. Results The consent form was signed by the majority of patients themselves (96.7%), with a median age range of 36-45 years and a relatively balanced gender distribution. For the remaining cases, where patients were unable to sign, the consent forms were signed by surrogates. The majority of patients were Omani nationals (96.7%), with a mixture of school and postgraduate education. The study did not identify any substantial disparities in the provision of informed consent between patients who received consent details in the outpatient clinic and those who received them in the ward. Although a small number of patients, particularly those with higher education, found the explanations unclear, the quality of the explanations was generally rated as explicit and sufficient. The ability to ask further questions, the degree of explanation, the explanation of alternative options, involvement in decision-making, the time to consider before making a decision, and the ability to repeat the explanation given were all positively correlated with satisfaction with the informed consent process. Conclusion The study emphasizes the significance of patient engagement and effective communication in the informed consent process. In order to improve patient satisfaction and comprehension, healthcare providers should prioritize interactive and comprehensive communication. It is imperative that policymakers establish policies that guarantee patients are afforded sufficient time and opportunity to comprehend the risks, advantages, and alternatives of surgical procedures.