Microbiome of diseased and healthy implants—a comprehensive microbial data analysis

The community compositions of peri-implant submucosal microorganisms were significantly different in healthy implants, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. The submucosal microbial communities in peri-implantitis were characterized by high species richness and diversity compared with the healthy implants; the relative abundance of red complex, some members of the yellow complex, and some novel periodontal pathogens was higher in the peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis groups than in the healthy implant group. The core flora of the co-occurrence network of healthy implants, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis varied considerably. The peri-implantitis site presented a relative disequilibrium microbial community, and <i>Porphyromonas</i> may play an important role in the co-occurrence network.