Aqua Extracts of Lyophilized Sea Buckthorn Modify Fermentation and Quality Properties of Set-Type Yogurt

Sea buckthorn is a promising ingredient for the food industry because it is a good source of vitamins, polyphenols, phytosterols, etc. In this research, it is the first time that aqueous extracts of lyophilized sea buckthorn (LSB) 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% w/w were used to enrich set-type yogurts. Therefore, fermentation kinetics, hardness, color, titratable acidity, syneresis, water holding capacity, total phenolic content microstructure, and sensory analysis were investigated. Extracts of lyophilized sea buckthorn shorten the yogurt fermentation time, change the microstructure, reduce syneresis, and increase water-holding capacity compared to plain yogurt. Also, the titratable acidity for all yogurts remained the same but the total phenolic content of yogurts increased as the concentration of extracts from lyophilized sea buckthorn increased. The color parameters of the fortified set-type yogurts were affected by the color of the sea buckthorn extract with increasing a* and b* values according to extract concentrations. Finally, yogurts fortified with 0.5% and 1.0% w/w extracts of LSB have good quality characteristics, increased total phenolic content, and higher scores of being liked compared to the rest of the enriched samples. This study could increase the knowledge of the uses of aqueous extracts of lyophilized sea buckthorn in dairy products.