Alendronate Sodium Combined Glatiramer Acetate Nanocomplex Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth

Background and Objective: Pancreatic cancer (PC) have increased significantly in recent years. Asymptotic manifestation, which can lead to tumor cells entering the metastatic stage before detection, is one of the main problems with PC. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted to give an effective treatment method, in which pancreatic cancer was suppressed using an optimized alendronate sodium (ALS) and glatiramer acetate (GA) (ALS-GA) nanoconjugate. Materials and Methods: To obtain an optimized ALS-GA nanoconjugates, Box-Behnken design was used. Design-Expert® Software Version 12 (Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States) software was used while size and zeta potential was selected as responses. To evaluate the anticancer efficacy, analysis of IC50, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, etc., were tested. Results: The particle size of the optimized nanoconjugate was found to be 28.4±1.2 nm. The cytotoxicity in terms of IC50 for ALS-GA nanoconjugate was found to be (4.13± 0.2 μg/mL) enhanced than GA alone (12.6±0.2 μg/mL) or ALS alone (20.4±0.4 μg/mL). Besides, Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and caspase 3 estimation also showed superior apoptotic activity for ALS-GA nanoconjugate. However, as compared to ALS alone, GA alone, nanoconjugate showed increased expression of TNF-α and anticancer activity. Conclusion: These data revealed superiority of ALS-GA nanoconjugate over individual components, making it a novel approach for PC treatment.