Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors and citationsExamining physical education learning outcomes of senior high school students: the impact of gender and learning frequency

Abstract. This study examines differences in learning outcomes in Physical Education (PE) high school students based on their gender and learning frequency. The samples were high school students in Yogyakarta selected using a Simple Random Sampling system. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential factorial two-way ANOVA. In the low learning frequency category, the mean achievement of PE learning outcomes for male students was 85.67. Meanwhile, the mean achievement for female students was slightly lower by 82.33. Furthermore, if we look at the high learning frequency category, the mean achievement of PE learning outcomes of male students was 84.00. On the other hand, the mean achievement of PE learning outcomes of female students was 84.08. The result of the ANOVA test on the learning frequency factor was significant, with a value of 0.943, which was greater than 0.05. This figure indicates no significant difference in the achievement of PE learning outcomes of students based on low learning frequency and high learning frequency. In the gender factor variable, the ANOVA result showed a significance of 0.007, smaller than 0.05. It means that gender does not have a significant difference in the achievement of learning outcomes. Furthermore, in the learning frequency and gender factors, the significance value was 0.005, smaller than 0.05. It means that the combination of learning frequency and gender influences the students’ achievement of PE learning outcomes. In conclusion, academic achievement results from a complex interaction between various factors such as motivation, learning style, curriculum design, and technological intervention. An in-depth understanding of these factors is critical for educators and policymakers to improve student success in physical education and other academic subjects. These findings demonstrate the importance of an evidence-based holistic approach in education to achieve optimal academic outcomes. Keywords: Learning Achievement, PE, Students, Adolescents, Gender, Frequency of Study